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What is the primary feeding result of orange gall midges?

  1. Discoloration of stems

  2. Blisters on lower parts of leaves

  3. Stunted growth of shoots

  4. Decreased flowering

The correct answer is: Blisters on lower parts of leaves

The primary feeding result of orange gall midges is the development of blisters on the lower parts of leaves. These midges lay their eggs in the leaf tissue, and as the larvae feed, they create distinct blisters or galls. This feeding action disrupts the normal functions of the leaf, leading to abnormal growths that can impact the overall health of the plant. The presence of blisters is a direct indication of the midge's feeding activity, distinguishing it from other potential pest effects such as discoloration of stems, stunted growth, or decreased flowering, which may result from a variety of other stressors or factors. Understanding the specific feeding effects of these pests is crucial for effective pest management and control strategies.